Retinoic Acid Through the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway trans Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Production in Vascular Endothelial Cells by All-

Upregulation of nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells by all-trans retinoic acid through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway.

BACKGROUND A natural retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) contains various beneficial effects on vasculature, including suppression of neointima formation after balloon injury. However, little is known about the effects of ATRA on vascular endothelial function. We therefore studied its role in nitric oxide (NO) production of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS AND RESULTS Human derma...

All-trans Retinoic Acid Regulates the Balance of Treg-Th17 Cells through ERK and P38 Signaling Pathway

Involvement of TRPM7 calcium channels and PI3K/AKT kinase pathway in protective effect of vascular endothelial growth factor in amyloid beta-induced model of Alzheimer’s disease

Background and Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, in which cortical and hippocampus neurons death is the main target of neurodegeneration. In addition to extracellular beta amyloid accumulation and the production of neural tangles, one of effective factors in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease is vascular injury in the elderly including disturbanc...

Estrogen receptor activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase, akt, and nitric oxide signaling in cerebral blood vessels: rapid and long-term effects.

Estrogen receptor regulation of nitric oxide production by vascular endothelium may involve rapid, membrane-initiated signaling pathways in addition to classic genomic mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate using intact cerebral blood vessels that 17beta-estradiol rapidly activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) via a phosphoinositide-3 (PI-3) kinase-dependent pathway. The effect i...

Cilostazol suppresses angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells

Patients with essential hypertension undergo endothelial dysfunction, particularly in the conduit arteries. Cilostazol, a type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor, serves a role in the inhibition of platelet aggregation and it is widely used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Previous studies have suggested that cilostazol suppresses endothelial dysfunction; however, it remains unkno...